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</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Convex Computer Corporation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Private_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Private company">Private</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Supercomputers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1982<span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1982</span>)</span> in <a href="Richardson%2C_Texas" title="Richardson, Texas">Richardson, Texas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Bob Paluck</li><li><a href="Steve_Wallach" title="Steve Wallach">Steve Wallach</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1995<span style="display: none;">&nbsp;(<span class="dtend itvend">1995</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Acquired by <a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Convex Computer Corporation</b> was a company that developed, manufactured and marketed <a href="Vector_processor" title="Vector processor">vector</a> <a href="Minisupercomputer" title="Minisupercomputer">minisupercomputers</a> and <a href="Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputers</a> for small-to-medium-sized businesses. Their later <b>Exemplar</b> series of <a href="Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">parallel computing</a> machines were based on the <a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> (HP) <a href="PA-RISC" title="PA-RISC">PA-RISC</a> <a href="Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessors</a>, and in 1995, HP bought the company. Exemplar machines were offered for sale by HP for some time, and Exemplar technology was used in HP's <b>V-Class</b> machines.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<p>Convex was formed in 1982 by Bob Paluck and <a href="Steve_Wallach" title="Steve Wallach">Steve Wallach</a> in <a href="Richardson%2C_Texas" title="Richardson, Texas">Richardson, Texas</a>. It was originally named <b>Parsec</b> and early prototype and production boards bear that name. They planned on producing a machine very similar in architecture to the <a href="Cray_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Cray Research">Cray Research</a> <a href="Vector_processor" title="Vector processor">vector processor</a> machines, with a somewhat lower performance, but with a much better <a href="Price%E2%80%93performance_ratio" title="Price–performance ratio">price–performance ratio</a>. In order to lower costs, the Convex designs were not as technologically aggressive as Cray's, and were based on more mainstream chip technology, attempting to make up for the loss in performance in other ways.
</p>

<p>Their first machine was the <b>C1</b>, released in 1985. The C1 was very similar to the <a href="Cray-1" title="Cray-1">Cray-1</a> in general design, but its <a href="CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a> and main memory was implemented with slower but less expensive <a href="CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a> technology. They offset this by increasing the capabilities of the vector units, including doubling the vector registers' length to 128 <a href="64-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="64-bit">64-bit</a> elements each.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also used <a href="Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">virtual memory</a> as opposed to the static memory system of the Cray machines, which improved programming. It was generally rated at 20 <a href="MFLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="MFLOPS">MFLOPS</a> peak for double precision (64-bit), and 40 MFLOPS peak for single precision (<a href="32-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="32-bit">32-bit</a>), about one fifth the normal speed of the Cray-1. They also invested heavily in advanced automatic vectorizing <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compilers</a> in order to gain performance when existing programs were ported to their systems. The machines ran a <a href="Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a> version of <a href="Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> known initially as <b>Convex Unix</b> then later as <b>ConvexOS</b> due to trademark and licensing issues. ConvexOS has DEC <a href="OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">VMS</a> compatibility features, known by the product name of COVUE (CONVEX-to-VAX User Environment),<sup id="cite_ref-convex_covue_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-convex_covue-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Cray Fortran features. Their Fortran compiler went on to be licensed to other computers such as <a href="Ardent_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardent Computer">Ardent Computer</a> and Stellar (and merged Stardent).
</p>

<p>The <b>C2</b> was a crossbar-interconnected <a href="Multiprocessor" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiprocessor">multiprocessor</a> version of the C1, with up to four CPUs, released in 1988. It used newer 20,000-gate CMOS and 10,000-gate <a href="Emitter-coupled_logic" title="Emitter-coupled logic">emitter-coupled logic</a> (ECL) gate arrays for a boost in clock speed from 10&nbsp;MHz to 25&nbsp;MHz, and rated at 50 MFLOPS peak for double precision per CPU (100 MFLOPS peak for single precision). It was Convex's most successful product.
</p><p>The <b>C2</b> was followed by the <b>C3</b> in 1991, being essentially similar to the C2 but with a faster clock and support for up to eight CPUs implemented with low-density GaAs FPGAs. Various configurations of the C3 were offered, with 50 to 240 MFLOPS per CPU. However, the C3 and the Convex business model were overtaken by changes in the computer industry. The arrival of <a href="RISC" class="mw-redirect" title="RISC">RISC</a> microprocessors meant that it was no longer possible to develop cost-effective high-performance computing as a standalone small low-volume company. While the C3 was delivered late, which resulted in lost sales, it was still not going to be able to compete with commodity high-performance computing in the long run.
</p><p>Another speed boost used in the <b>C3</b> and <b>C4</b>, which moved the hardware implementation to <a href="Gallium_arsenide" title="Gallium arsenide">GaAs</a>-based chips, following an evolution identical to that of the Cray machines, but the effort was too little, too late. Some considered the whole C4 program to be nothing more than chasing a business in decline. By this time, even though Convex was the first vendor to ship a GaAs based product, they were losing money.
</p><p>In 1994, Convex introduced an entirely new design, known as the <b>Exemplar</b>. Unlike the C-series vector computer, the Exemplar was a parallel-computing machine that used HP <a href="PA-7200" title="PA-7200">PA-7200</a> microprocessors, connected together using <a href="Scalable_Coherent_Interconnect" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Coherent Interconnect">SCI</a>. First dubbed <b>MPP</b>, these machines were later called <b>SPP</b> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>Exemplar</b> and sold under the <b>SPP-1600</b> moniker. The expectation was that a software programming model for parallel computing could draw in customers. But the type of customers Convex attracted believed in <a href="Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> and brute force rather than sophisticated technology. The operating system also had terrible performance problems which could not easily be fixed. Eventually, Convex established a working partnership with HP's hardware and software divisions. Initially it was intended that the Exemplar would be <a href="Binary-compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary-compatible">binary-compatible</a> with HP's <a href="HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a> operating system but eventually it was decided to port HP-UX to the platform and sell the platform as standalone servers.
</p>

<p>In 1995, Hewlett-Packard bought Convex. HP sold Convex Exemplar machines under the <b>S-Class</b> (MP) and <b>X-Class</b> (CC-NUMA) titles, and later incorporated some of Exemplar's technology into the <b>V-Class</b> machine, which was released running the HP-UX 11.0 release instead of the SPP-UX version which was sold with the S- and X-Class products.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFPatterson1996" class="citation web cs1"><a href="David_Patterson_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Patterson (scientist)">Patterson, David A.</a> (Fall 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pattrsn/252F96/Lecture06.pdf">"Lecture 6: Vector Processing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p.&nbsp;8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-29</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-convex_covue-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-convex_covue_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://classic.technology/convex-covue/"><i>COVUE Product Overview</i></a>. Convex Computer Corporation. 1990<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCatanedaZhangHoover1997" class="citation conference cs1">Cataneda, R.; Zhang, Xiaodong; Hoover, J. M. Jr. (1997). <i>A comparative evaluation of hierarchical network architecture of the HP-Convex Exemplar</i>. IEEE International Conference on Computer Design. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FICCD.1997.628877">10.1109/ICCD.1997.628877</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWeissmann2024" class="citation web cs1">Weissmann, Paul (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openpa.net/print.html">"OpenPA.net PA-RISC Book"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-08</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ex-convex.org/">Convex ex-employees website</a></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFFaught" class="citation web cs1">Faught, Danny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030806052446/http://www.tejasconsulting.com/newsletter/2003April-May.html">"Convex is Dead, Long Live Convex"</a>. Feature Article. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tejasconsulting.com/newsletter/2003April-May.html">the original</a> on 2003-08-06.</cite></li></ul>
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</style><div id="Hewlett-Packard1228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li>Split into <a href="HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP Inc.</a> and <a href="Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a> in 2015</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Hewlett-Packard_products" title="List of Hewlett-Packard products">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal computers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_HP_business_desktops" title="List of HP business desktops">Desktops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="HP_Blackbird_002" title="HP Blackbird 002">Blackbird 002</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Brio" title="HP Brio">Brio</a></li>
<li><a href="Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq series</a>
<ul><li><a href="Compaq_Evo" title="Compaq Evo">Evo</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Compaq" class="mw-redirect" title="HP Compaq">HP Compaq</a></li>
<li><a href="Compaq_Presario" title="Compaq Presario">Presario</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="List_of_HP_business_desktops" title="List of HP business desktops">EliteDesk</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Envy" title="HP Envy">Envy</a>*</li>
<li><a href="HP_Mini" title="HP Mini">Mini</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Omen" title="HP Omen">Omen</a>*</li>
<li><a href="HP_Pavilion" title="HP Pavilion">Pavilion</a>*</li>
<li><a href="List_of_HP_business_desktops" title="List of HP business desktops">ProDesk</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Spectre" title="HP Spectre">Spectre</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Sprout" title="HP Sprout">Sprout</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Stream" class="mw-redirect" title="HP Stream">Stream</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_TouchSmart" title="HP TouchSmart">TouchSmart</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Vectra" title="HP Vectra">Vectra</a></li>
<li><a href="VoodooPC" title="VoodooPC">VoodooPC</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Z" title="HP Z">Z</a>*</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laptops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="HP_110" title="HP 110">110</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_2133_Mini-Note_PC" title="HP 2133 Mini-Note PC">2133 Mini-Note PC</a></li>
<li><a href="Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq series</a>
<ul><li><a href="Compaq_Evo" title="Compaq Evo">Evo</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Compaq" class="mw-redirect" title="HP Compaq">HP Compaq</a></li>
<li><a href="Compaq_Presario" title="Compaq Presario">Presario</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="HP_EliteBook" title="HP EliteBook">EliteBook</a>*</li>
<li><a href="HP_Envy" title="HP Envy">Envy</a>*</li>
<li><a href="HP_Essential" title="HP Essential">Essential</a>*</li>
<li><a href="HP_ProBook" title="HP ProBook">ProBook</a>*</li>
<li><a href="HP_Omen" title="HP Omen">Omen</a>*</li>
<li><a href="HP_OmniBook" title="HP OmniBook">OmniBook</a>*</li>
<li><a href="HP_Pavilion" title="HP Pavilion">Pavilion</a>*
<ul><li><a href="HP_Pavilion_dv2z" title="HP Pavilion dv2z">dv2z</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Pavilion_dv4" title="HP Pavilion dv4">dv4</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Pavilion_dv5" title="HP Pavilion dv5">dv5</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Pavilion_dv7" title="HP Pavilion dv7">dv7</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Pavilion_dv1000_series" title="HP Pavilion dv1000 series">dv1000</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Pavilion_dv2000_series" title="HP Pavilion dv2000 series">dv2000</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Pavilion_dv6000_series" title="HP Pavilion dv6000 series">dv6000</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Pavilion_dv9000_series" title="HP Pavilion dv9000 series">dv9000</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Pavilion_tx_series" title="HP Pavilion tx series">tx</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Voodoo_Envy" title="Voodoo Envy">Voodoo Envy</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_ZBook" title="HP ZBook">ZBook</a>*</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Workstations and servers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="HP_250" title="HP 250">250</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_300" title="HP 300">300</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_2100" title="HP 2100">2100</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_2640" title="HP 2640">2640</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_3000" title="HP 3000">3000</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_9000" title="HP 9000">9000</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_9845C" title="HP 9845C">9845C</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_64000" title="HP 64000">64000</a></li>
<li><a href="AlphaServer" title="AlphaServer">AlphaServer</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Integral_PC" title="HP Integral PC">Integral PC</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Flexible_Data_Center" title="HP Flexible Data Center">Flexible Data Center</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Kayak" title="HP Kayak">Kayak</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Media_Vault" title="HP Media Vault">Media Vault</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_MediaSmart_Server" title="HP MediaSmart Server">MediaSmart Server</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_NetServer" title="HP NetServer">NetServer</a></li>
<li><a href="NonStop_(server_computers)" title="NonStop (server computers)">NonStop</a>**</li>
<li><a href="HP_Performance_Optimized_Datacenter" title="HP Performance Optimized Datacenter">Performance Optimized Datacenter</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_X-Terminals" title="HP X-Terminals">X-Terminals</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq series</a>
<ul><li><a href="Compaq_tc1000" title="Compaq tc1000">tc1000</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Compaq_tc1100" title="HP Compaq tc1100">tc1100</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Compaq_tc4400" title="HP Compaq tc4400">tc4400</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Compaq_tc4200" title="HP Compaq tc4200">tc4200</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="HP-75" title="HP-75">75</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_95LX" title="HP 95LX">95LX</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_200LX" title="HP 200LX">200LX</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_300LX" title="HP 300LX">300LX</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_620LX" title="HP 620LX">620LX</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_660LX" title="HP 660LX">660LX</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_calculators" title="HP calculators">Calculators</a>*</li>
<li><a href="IPAQ" title="IPAQ">iPAQ</a></li>
<li><a href="IPod%2BHP" title="IPod+HP">iPod+HP</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Jornada" title="HP Jornada">Jornada</a>
<ul><li><a href="HP_Jornada_560_series" title="HP Jornada 560 series">560</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="HP_Pre_3" title="HP Pre 3">Pre 3</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Slate" title="HP Slate">Slate</a>
<ul><li><a href="HP_Slate_7" title="HP Slate 7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Slate_21" title="HP Slate 21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Slate_500" title="HP Slate 500">Slate 500</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="HP_TouchPad" title="HP TouchPad">TouchPad</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Veer" title="HP Veer">Veer</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Printing and imaging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="HP_7470" title="HP 7470">7470 Graphics Plotter</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_DeskJet" title="HP DeskJet">DeskJet</a>*</li>
<li><a href="HP_Indigo_Division" title="HP Indigo Division">Indigo</a>*</li>
<li><a href="JetDirect" title="JetDirect">JetDirect</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_LaserJet" title="HP LaserJet">LaserJet</a>*
<ul><li><a href="HP_LaserJet_4" title="HP LaserJet 4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_LaserJet_5" title="HP LaserJet 5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_LaserJet_1020" title="HP LaserJet 1020">1020</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_LaserJet_2300_series" title="HP LaserJet 2300 series">2300</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_LaserJet_2400_series" title="HP LaserJet 2400 series">2400</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_LaserJet_4000_series" title="HP LaserJet 4000 series">4000</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_LaserJet_P3000_series" title="HP LaserJet P3000 series">P3000</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="LightScribe" title="LightScribe">LightScribe</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Photosmart" title="HP Photosmart">Photosmart</a>
<ul><li><a href="HP_Photosmart_M407" title="HP Photosmart M407">M407</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_PhotoSmart_R607" title="HP PhotoSmart R607">R607</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="HP_ScanJet" title="HP ScanJet">ScanJet</a>*</li>
<li><a href="Scitex_Vision" title="Scitex Vision">Scitex</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_TopShot" title="HP TopShot">TopShot</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microprocessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Capricorn_(microprocessor)" title="Capricorn (microprocessor)">Capricorn</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_FOCUS" title="HP FOCUS">FOCUS</a></li>
<li><a href="Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a></li>
<li><a href="Hewlett-Packard_Nanoprocessor" title="Hewlett-Packard Nanoprocessor">Nanoprocessor</a></li>
<li><a href="PA-RISC" title="PA-RISC">PA-RISC</a>
<ul><li><a href="PA-7100" title="PA-7100">7100</a></li>
<li><a href="PA-7100LC" title="PA-7100LC">7100LC</a></li>
<li><a href="PA-7200" title="PA-7200">7200</a></li>
<li><a href="PA-8000" title="PA-8000">8000</a></li>
<li><a href="Multimedia_Acceleration_eXtensions" title="Multimedia Acceleration eXtensions">MAX</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="HP_Saturn" title="HP Saturn">Saturn</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computer buses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="GSC_bus" title="GSC bus">GSC</a></li>
<li><a href="HIL_bus" title="HIL bus">HP-HIL</a></li>
<li><a href="GPIB" title="GPIB">HP-IB</a></li>
<li><a href="HP-IL" title="HP-IL">HP-IL</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Precision_Bus" title="HP Precision Bus">Precision</a></li>
<li><a href="Runway_bus" title="Runway bus">Runway</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="HP_200A" title="HP 200A">200A Audio Oscillator</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_7935" title="HP 7935">7935 Disc Drive</a></li>
<li><a href="DC100" title="DC100">DC100</a></li>
<li><a href="Guardian_Service_Processor" title="Guardian Service Processor">Guardian Service Processor</a></li>
<li><a href="HPE_Integrated_Lights-Out" title="HPE Integrated Lights-Out">Integrated Lights-Out</a>**</li>
<li><a href="HP_Kittyhawk" title="HP Kittyhawk">Kittyhawk</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Memory_Spot_chip" title="HP Memory Spot chip">Memory Spot</a></li>
<li><a href="NPartition" title="NPartition">nPartition</a>**</li>
<li><a href="ProCurve" title="ProCurve">ProCurve</a></li>
<li><a href="Visualize_EG" title="Visualize EG">Visualize EG</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_xb3000" title="HP xb3000">xb3000 Notebook Expansion Base</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="HP_ConvergedSystem" title="HP ConvergedSystem">ConvergedSystem</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Cloud" title="HP Cloud">Cloud</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_CloudSystem" title="HP CloudSystem">CloudSystem</a>**</li>
<li><a href="HPE_Helion" title="HPE Helion">Helion</a>**</li>
<li><a href="MagCloud" title="MagCloud">MagCloud</a>†</li>
<li><a href="Speechbot" title="Speechbot">Speechbot</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Utility_Data_Center" title="HP Utility Data Center">Utility Data Center</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Hewlett-Packard_executive_leadership" title="List of Hewlett-Packard executive leadership">CEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">Bill Hewlett</a> and <a href="David_Packard" title="David Packard">David Packard</a> (co-founders)</li>
<li><a href="John_A._Young" title="John A. Young">John A. Young</a></li>
<li><a href="Lewis_E._Platt" title="Lewis E. Platt">Lewis E. Platt</a></li>
<li><a href="Carly_Fiorina" title="Carly Fiorina">Carly Fiorina</a></li>
<li><a href="Mark_Hurd" title="Mark Hurd">Mark Hurd</a></li>
<li><a href="L%C3%A9o_Apotheker" title="Léo Apotheker">Léo Apotheker</a></li>
<li><a href="Meg_Whitman" title="Meg Whitman">Meg Whitman</a> (final CEO)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_assets_owned_by_HP" title="List of assets owned by HP">Assets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="3DA" title="3DA">3DA</a>†</li>
<li><a href="Ericsson_Hewlett_Packard_Telecom" title="Ericsson Hewlett Packard Telecom">Ericsson Hewlett Packard Telecom</a>†</li>
<li><a href="HP_Garage" title="HP Garage">HP Garage</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Labs" title="HP Labs">HP Labs</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_acquisitions_by_Hewlett-Packard" title="List of acquisitions by Hewlett-Packard">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="3Com" title="3Com">3Com</a></li>
<li><a href="3PAR" title="3PAR">3PAR</a>**</li>
<li><a href="Apollo_Computer" title="Apollo Computer">Apollo Computer</a></li>
<li><a href="ArcSight" title="ArcSight">ArcSight</a>†</li>
<li><a href="Aruba_Networks" title="Aruba Networks">Aruba Networks</a>**</li>
<li><a href="Autonomy_Corporation" title="Autonomy Corporation">Autonomy</a>†</li>
<li><a href="Bristol_Technology" title="Bristol Technology">Bristol Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a></li>

<li><a href="Colorado_Memory_Systems" title="Colorado Memory Systems">Colorado Memory Systems</a></li>
<li><a href="PathWave_Design" title="PathWave Design">EEsof</a>†</li>
<li><a href="Electronic_Data_Systems" title="Electronic Data Systems">Electronic Data Systems</a>†</li>
<li><a href="Exstream_Software" title="Exstream Software">Exstream Software</a>†</li>
<li><a href="Fortify_Software" title="Fortify Software">Fortify Software</a>†</li>
<li><a href="HP_Indigo_Division" title="HP Indigo Division">Indigo N.V.</a></li>
<li><a href="Knightsbridge_Solutions" title="Knightsbridge Solutions">Knightsbridge Solutions</a></li>
<li><a href="Neoware" title="Neoware">Neoware</a></li>
<li><a href="Opsware" title="Opsware">Opsware</a>†</li>
<li><a href="Mercury_Interactive" title="Mercury Interactive">Mercury Interactive</a>†</li>
<li><a href="Palm%2C_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm</a>†</li>
<li><a href="Peregrine_Systems" title="Peregrine Systems">Peregrine Systems</a>†</li>
<li><a href="RLX_Technologies" title="RLX Technologies">RLX Technologies</a></li>
<li><a href="Scitex_Vision" title="Scitex Vision">Scitex Vision</a></li>
<li><a href="Snapfish" title="Snapfish">Snapfish</a></li>
<li><a href="Stratavia" title="Stratavia">Stratavia</a></li>
<li><a href="Teradici" title="Teradici">Teradici</a></li>
<li><a href="TOWER_Software" title="TOWER Software">TOWER Software</a></li>
<li><a href="Verifone" title="Verifone">Verifone</a>†</li>
<li><a href="Vertica" title="Vertica">Vertica</a>†</li>
<li><a href="VoodooPC" title="VoodooPC">VoodooPC</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spin-offs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Agilent_Technologies" title="Agilent Technologies">Agilent Technologies</a></li>
<li><a href="DXC_Technology" title="DXC Technology">DXC Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP Inc.</a></li>
<li><a href="Keysight" title="Keysight">Keysight Technologies</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="HP_Color_Recovery" title="HP Color Recovery">Color Recovery</a></li>
<li><a href="Encompass" title="Encompass">Encompass</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Hewlett-Packard_Journal" title="Hewlett-Packard Journal">Hewlett-Packard Journal</a></i></li>
<li><a href="HP-Interex" title="HP-Interex">HP-Interex</a></li>
<li><a href="Rules_of_the_garage" title="Rules of the garage">Rules of the garage</a></li>
<li><a href="Hewlett-Packard_spying_scandal" title="Hewlett-Packard spying scandal">Spying scandal</a></li>
<li><a href="Mission%3A_Space" title="Mission: Space">Mission: SPACE</a></li>
<li><a href="PC_LOAD_LETTER" title="PC LOAD LETTER">PC LOAD LETTER</a></li>
<li><a href="HP_SPaM" title="HP SPaM">SPaM</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li>Asterisk (*) denotes product lines continued by <a href="HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP Inc.</a></li>
<li>Double asterisk (**) denotes product lines and companies now property of <a href="Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a></li>
<li>Dagger (†) denotes assets or companies divested and sold off</li></ul>
<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"></span></span> Hewlett Packard Enterprise</li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"></span></span> HP Inc.</li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"></span></span> Compaq</li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"></span></span> HP calculators</li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"></span></span> HP software</li></ul>
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